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Utilization of a Diet Optimization Model in Ensuring Adequate Intake among Pregnant Women in Selangor, Malaysia

Dietetic Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia

Financial Mathematics Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 1 October 2019 / Revised: 12 November 2019 / Accepted: 15 November 2019 / Published: 27 November 2019

Abstract

Achieving nutritional requirements for pregnant women in rural or suburban households while maintaining the intake of local and culture-specific foods can be difficult. Usage of a linear programming approach can effectively generate diet optimization models that incorporate local and culturally acceptable menus. This study aimed to determine whether a realistic and affordable diet that achieves recommended nutrient intakes for pregnant women could be formulated from locally available foods in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the dietary intake of 78 pregnant women using a 24-h dietary recall and a 3-day food record. A market survey was also carried out to estimate the cost of raw foods that are frequently consumed. All linear programming analyses were done using Excel Solver to generate optimal dietary patterns. Our findings showed that the menus designed from diet optimization models using locally available foods would improve dietary adequacy for the seven food groups based on the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines 2010 (MDG 2010) and the 14 nutrients based on Recommended Nutrient Intake 2017 (RNI 2017) in pregnant women. However, inadequacies remained for iron and niacin, indicating that these nutrients may require supplementation. View Full-Text

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sawal Hamid, Z.B.; Rajikan, R.; Elias, S.M.; Jamil, N.A. Utilization of a Diet Optimization Model in Ensuring Adequate Intake among Pregnant Women in Selangor, Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234720

AMA Style

Sawal Hamid ZB, Rajikan R, Elias SM, Jamil NA. Utilization of a Diet Optimization Model in Ensuring Adequate Intake among Pregnant Women in Selangor, Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(23):4720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234720

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sawal Hamid, Zeenat B., Roslee Rajikan, Siti M. Elias, and Nor A. Jamil 2019. "Utilization of a Diet Optimization Model in Ensuring Adequate Intake among Pregnant Women in Selangor, Malaysia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23: 4720. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234720

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